Abstract
Metis-1.6 introduces small, efficient mixture-of-experts language models trained with limited data that achieve competitive math performance and Pareto-optimal efficiency despite training errors and architectural issues.
Metis is a bet that better data, better training methods and new architectures can buy what a bigger parameter count cannot, at a fraction of the cost. Metis-1.6 is its latest step: two language models built from scratch by a single researcher, Praxis (2.94B parameters, 0.46B active per pass) and Logos (10.23B parameters, 1.18B active per pass). Both run a hybrid Mamba-2 and attention mixture-of-experts stack twice for every token, so each token gets a second look. Each was trained on 1.02T tokens in total: 804.76B of pretraining, 18B of context extension to 131,072 tokens, and 200B of supervised fine-tuning. Metis-1.6 was never meant to challenge frontier models, and across 40 post-trained benchmarks it mostly does not: Logos averages 52.93, seventh of 17 models in its comparison set and within a point of Qwen3-4B. But it gets there on roughly a twelfth of the median training data of the comparators that disclose it, and with fewer active parameters per token than any model that beats it, which puts it on the Pareto frontier for both. In mathematics it ranks second of 30 models, with 67.50% on AIME 2025 and 63.64% on HMMT February 2026. It is weak at code, instruction following and long context. The rest of the report is the part I found most valuable: what went wrong. The optimizer I configured never ran, and attention trained with AdamW for all of pretraining. A 1.77B-parameter n-gram memory learned to switch itself off. Five fine-tuning choices cost capability. And a length reward under group-mean normalization punished correct solutions for being long once a group's pass rate passed 2/3, a sign inversion I prove and fix with a one-line clamp. I close with the 10B-token ablations behind MoRE (Mixture of Recursive Experts), the looped architecture of Metis-1.7.
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Author here. Metis-1.6 is two reasoning models I trained from scratch. The idea is in the title: every token runs through the same 20 layers twice, with the same weights. Logos has 10.23B parameters and uses 2.36B per token. Praxis has 2.94B and fits in 2 GB at 4-bit. Both are mostly Mamba-2, with attention in only 3 layers and no positional encoding.
On 1.02T training tokens, Logos ranks 2nd of 30 open models in math (67.5% on AIME 2025, 63.6% on HMMT February 2026) and sits on the Pareto frontier for both training data and compute. It trails in code, instruction following, long context and factual recall, and the paper reports those too.
Two results I didn't expect: the models learned to close the gates on a 1.77B-parameter hashed n-gram memory, so I removed it. And RL on Logos cost breadth, so 1.6 stops at SFT.
Weights are Apache 2.0, with MLX, FP8, NVFP4 and GGUF builds. Dromos is the inference engine I wrote for them.
Happy to answer questions.
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