SoPhAr aviation: data, results and figures

Data, model results and figures for Solar phased-array-based wireless power transfer for commercial aviation decarbonization (T. Wang, Y. Xu, J. Byeon, J. Jiao, J. Mohammadi, K. Kockelman, C. Claudel and A. Bayen; under review at Nature Sustainability). The code is at https://github.com/BonnyWang010705/SoPhAr.

Using the dataset with the code

Download the dataset into the root of the code repository:

python download_data.py      # run inside the cloned code repository

data/, results/ and figures/ then sit next to code/, where every script looks for them.

Contents (2.2 GB)

data/ — inputs

Path	Contents	Source
flights/raw/	14 monthly archives, December 2024 – January 2026	BTS TranStats, Marketing Carrier On-Time Performance
flights/processed/by_month/	one table per month (Parquet)	code/1_flight_data/2_preprocess.py
flights/processed/flights_2025.parquet	2025 flight table, 7,599,787 records	3_build_annual.py
flights/processed/flights_reference_week.parquet (and .csv)	7–13 April 2025 (Central Time), 149,739 records	4_reference_week.py
flights/processed/flights_reference_week_matched.parquet	flights whose origin and destination are in the airport file: the 148,814 flights analysed	5_match_airports.py
airports/airport_data.geojson	USA Airports	Esri, ArcGIS
farms/uspvdbGeoJSON.zip	United States Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database	Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, U.S. Geological Survey
US_boundaries/	state (1:20M) and county (1:500k) cartographic boundaries, 2023	U.S. Census Bureau

results/ — model outputs

Path	Contents
baseline/	system model at 12,100 m (reference) and at 9,100 and 15,100 m: one row per eligible flight (86,084 at 12,100 m) and one row per qualified solar farm (438); Supplementary Tables 1–7
baseline/route_maps/	route maps of the eligible flights by range class (Fig. 3b–d)
optimization_1/	flight schedule optimization at the three altitudes, with the optimized shift of each flight; Supplementary Tables 8–14
optimization_2/Optimization_2_Results_R1/	farm-and-flight choice optimization: selected farms and flights in each of the 100 penetration scenarios (solar_results_* and flight_results_*)
optimization_2/Optimization_2_summary_R1.csv	totals of each scenario (Supplementary Table 15)
optimization_2/penetration_state_totals.csv	state totals of each scenario, for Supplementary Figs. 14–23
optimization_2/route_maps/	route maps of the selected flights in each scenario (flight_map_*), for Supplementary Figs. 14–23 and Fig. 8a
sensitivity/R1_Sensitivity_Tables.xlsx	sensitivity analyses of Supplementary Notes 7–10 (Supplementary Figs. 33–37) and the model assumptions
representativeness/	weekly measures over 2025 (Supplementary Note 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1)

figures/ — paper figures

Path	Contents
main/fig02_solar_farm_analysis/ … main/fig06_market_penetration/	Figs. 2–6 of the article (PNG and PDF), each with its panels in panels/
main/fig07_solar_farm_selection/, main/fig08_flight_selection/	Figs. 7–8 of the arXiv version, redrawn with the R1 results, each with its panels in panels/
supplementary/fig01_representativeness/	Supplementary Fig. 1
supplementary/fig02_state_rankings/	Supplementary Fig. 2, with its panels a–f in panels/
supplementary/fig03_selection_frequency/	Supplementary Fig. 3
supplementary/fig04_23_penetration/	Supplementary Figs. 4–13 (farm selection: maps and scatter plots) and 14–23 (flight selection: maps and bar charts), two images each
supplementary/fig24_29_case_studies/	Supplementary Figs. 24–29, solar farm case studies (farms 230 and 4746)
supplementary/fig30_31_flight_case_study/	Supplementary Figs. 30–31, flight case study
supplementary/fig32_37_sensitivity/	Supplementary Figs. 32–37

Fig. 1 (a schematic) is not included.

Sources and licenses

The inputs are redistributed under the terms of their sources:

• BTS On-Time Performance, U.S. Department of Transportation: public domain.
• United States Large-Scale Solar Photovoltaic Database, LBNL and USGS: public domain.
• Cartographic boundary files, U.S. Census Bureau: public domain.
• USA Airports, Esri: subject to Esri's terms of use.

License of the results and figures: to be decided.

Citation

To be added on publication.